0, 200mM sucrose, and 5mM UDP. After incubation at 37��C for 30min, the resulting fructose was determined by the dinitrosalicylic acid reaction. The data were expressed on fresh mass basis. Total soluble protein contents of the crude enzyme extracts were determined according to Bradford [32].2.6. Statistical AnalysisThe experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. selleck inhibitor Data were tested by SPSS 13.0 for Windows program and mean separation was accomplished by Duncan test at P < 0.05.3. Results3.1. Freezing InjuryChanges in freezing injury in bark tissues of sweet cherry tree cv. 0900 Ziraat and Lambert grafted on Gisela 5 and Mazzard rootstocks in cold-acclimated (CA, in January) and nonacclimated (NA, in July) stages with respect to exposure to freezing treatments are shown in Figure 1.

In general, freezing injury (expressed by reference to controls) was the highest in NA stage than CA stage after freezing tests. The lowest and the highest average freezing injury were observed in barks exposed to 4��C and ?25��C, respectively. Freezing injury was below 50% in barks exposed to 4��C and ?5��C in both period and was higher in NA stage exposed to ?15��C and 25��C.Figure 1The changes of injury under low-temperature treatments in cold-acclimated (CA, in January) and nonacclimated (NA, in July) bark tissues of sweet cherry cultivars grafted on different rootstock. Error bars represent �� SE of three replications.Difference between graft combinations was more prominent in NA stage than in CA stage.

Accordingly, while there was no significant correlation between graft combinations and low temperature treatments at 4, ?5, and ?15��C, injury was significantly greater in sweet cherry cultivars grafted on Gisela 5 rootstock compared with Mazzard at ?25��C treatment. The highest injury by this treatment was observed in cv. Lambert grafted on Gisela 5. However, Lambert constituently showed higher injury on Mazzard than 0900.3.2. Soluble SugarsTSS contents of all graft combinations were significantly higher in CA stage than NA stage (Figure 2(a)). The highest TSS content was measured in Gisela 5/0900 (~57.5mg/g FW) and Mazzard/0900 (~56.5mg/g FW) combinations and the lowest in Gisela 5/Lambert (~44.5mg/g FW). However, no significant difference was detected among TSS contents of graft combinations in NA stages.

Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of sampling stage, grafting combination, and the interaction of sampling stage and grafting combination on TSS content (Table 1).Figure 2TSS (a), reducing sugars (b), and sucrose (c) contents in cold-acclimated (CA, in January) and nonacclimated Dacomitinib (NA, in July) bark tissues of sweet cherry cultivars grafted on different rootstock. FW: fresh weight. Error bars represent �� SE of three …