40% and 10.70%, respectively). M. alternifolia EO was proved to be toxic against C. capitata and P. concolor. Through contact and fumigation assays, tea tree EO showed lower LC50 values towards C capitata over P. concolor (contact: 0.117 mu Loil/cm(2) vs. 0.147 mu L oil/cm(2); fumigation: 2.239 mu L oil/L air vs. 9.348 mu L oil/L air). In ingestion formulation, the LD50 value was lower in C. capitata (0.269% of EO, w/w) than in P. concolor (0.638% of EO, w/w). This study extends the number
of effective essential oils against the Mediterranean fruit fly and provides useful information for the development of new tephritid CHIR98014 order control tools. This could expidite the building of eco-friendly alternatives in fruit fly integrated control programmes, thus reducing the use of broad-spectrum insecticides. 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of acute stress on salivary fluoride selleck products bioavailability. Acute psychological stress was induced using a standardized model of public speaking. The saliva of male subjects was collected before and after the public speaking task
and immediately, 10, 30, and 120 minutes after tooth brushing according to the Bass method with a dentifrice containing amine fluoride (AmF) or oral hygiene tablets containing sodium fluoride (NaF). Subjective psychological responses to public speaking were evaluated using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Saliva cortisol levels were analyzed as an objective stress marker. The saliva secretion rate was measured both before and after public speaking. Saliva fluoride content was measured. Group comparisons
were calculated using a univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). In all analyses, the alpha-level was set at 0.05. Public speaking significantly increased state anxiety (p < 0.001) and salivary cortisol concentrations (p < 0.001). Acute stress did not influence salivary secretion rates. In the AmF group, stressed individuals exhibited statistically significant (p=0.044) lower fluoride concentration in saliva compared with the nonstressed subjects Acute psychological stress AZD1480 reactions do not cause hyposalivation but decrease fluoride bioavailability after using a dentifrice containing AmF. Fluoride bioavailability during acute stress is dependent on fluoride formulation.”
“Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is the most commonly used method to separate and quantify monoclonal antibody (mAb) size variants. MAb-A is an IgG1 subtype humanized monoclonal antibody recombinantly produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. SEC analysis of MAb-A resolved a peak, named Peak 1, which elutes between monomer and dimer peaks. MAb-A lots produced from different clones and production scales all have 0.2-0.3% of SEC Peak 1.