Colorectal cancer Colorectal cancer (CRC) includes cancerous growths in the colon, rectum and appendix. Many CRCs are thought to arise from adenomatous polyps in the colon. These mushroom like growths are usually benign, but some may develop into cancer over time. Symptoms and signs are divided into: local ones, LY2874455 manufacturer consisting in change

in bowel habits and in frequency, such as constipation and/or diarrhea, feeling of incomplete defecation (tenesmus) and reduction in tool diameter, bloody stools or rectal bleeding, stools with mucus, black and tar-like stool (melena), bowel pain, bloating and vomiting, hematuria or pneumaturia, or smelly vaginal discharge; constitutional ones i.e. weight loss, anemia, dizziness, fatigue and palpitations; metastatic ones, i.e. liver metastases, causing Jaundice, pain in the abdomen, liver enlargement and blood clots in veins and arteries. Surgery is the usual therapy and, in many cases, RAD001 mouse is followed by chemotherapy [234–236]. The gastrointestinal tract is a target of GVHD in transplants and, therefore, CRC, might be treated by allogeneic SCT. Four cases of metastatic CRC, undergoing reduced-intensity SC transplantation (RIST), have been reported. No significant graft toxicities

have been registered. CRC markers have decreased in three patients after allograft. Three patients died of disease progression, but postmortem examination has showed a macroscopic metastatic lesion disappearance [237]. The patients with progressing metastatic CRC, treated with RIST, have showed relevant results in terms of tumor response. Even metastatic CRC need intense GVT to eradicate spreading tumor cells. Allogeneic SCT is likely to have trigged the generation of anti-neoplastic T cells [238–240]. Ovarian cancer Ovarian cancer (OC) is a cancerous growth arising from different parts of the ovary. Commonly,

OC arises from the outer lining of the ovary, but also from the Fallopian tube or egg cells. OC is characterized by non-specific symptoms Astemizole and, in early stages, it is associated with abdominal distension. Many women with OC report one or more non-specific symptoms, such as an abdominal pain or discomfort, an abdominal mass, bloating, back pain, urinary urgency, constipation, tiredness, and some specific symptoms, such as pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding or involuntary weight loss. There can be a build-up of fluid (ascites) in the abdominal Selleck AZD1480 cavity. A surgical treatment may be sufficient for malignant tumors that are well-differentiated and confined to the ovary. An addition of chemotherapy may be required for the most aggressive tumors that are confined to the ovary. For patients with an advanced disease, a surgical reduction is combined with a standard chemotherapy regimen. Some studies describe the feasibility of the combination of chemotherapy with SCT [241]. Allogeneic HSCT, associated with chemotherapy in advanced OC, treatment has induced variable effects.