This group represents only one third of the population18 and approximately two thirds of sCJD patients in the authors’ experience. For the sake of completeness, it has to be said that CJD

of very young people is not a totally new phenomenon. In the last 20 years, development of the disease has been recorded in almost 100 children and teenagers. However, in the overwhelming majority of cases, this was the result of documented iatrogenic exposure to the agent, typically brought about by administration of growth hormone or pituitary gonadotrophins of cadaveric origin, which had been (sometimes liberally) administered to treat pituitary dwarfism Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and other conditions in the era preceding recombinant DNA technology. What are the lines of evidence that the agent causing nvCJD is identical to that of BSE when transmitted to humans? None of the arguments that have surfaced to date are completely conclusive – yet each of them is certainly tantalizing, particularly when all are considered together. For one Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical thing, much effort has been invested in attempts to characterize the “strain properties” of the agent affecting cows and humans. Because the molecular substrate underlying the nature of prion strains (which are inheritable phenotypic traits that can be reproduced upon serial passage

through experimental animals) is not known, strain typing of prion has to rely on surrogate Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical markers. Two such markers have proved particularly useful. One is the distribution

of vacuoles in the brain of affected animals: some Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical strains will mainly target, for example, the cortical cerebral ribbon, while others will predominantly affect the midbrain.19 The BSE prion strain was shown to virulently and consistently attack the dorsal medulla and the superior colUculus (part of the optical pathway).20 Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical A careful study of these parameters yielded the disquieting result that BSE prions extracted from the brains of affected cows and nvCJD prions derived from the brains of British patients do indeed produce the same lesional patterns when transmitted to panels of susceptible mice.20-22 The second marker for strain typing of prions comes from the analysis of the biochemical properties of the diseaseassociated prion protein recovered from the brain of cattle and humans. These studies Dacomitinib take advantage of the fact that different steric conformations (which, according to the most popular current hypothesis, account for the phenotypic strain properties) will expose different sites of the protein to the action of proteolytic enzymes, which, in turn, can be identified by the different molecular weights of the resulting fragments. When used in conjunction with the ratio of diglycosylated to monoglycosylated prion protein – http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Belinostat.html another parameter that appears to correlate with strain properties – these traits were again indistinguishable between BSE and human nvCJD prions.