05 and p < 0.001 respectively) in the number of head-dip and

in the head-dipping duration when compared to control animals, without differences between these two doses. The effects of fipronil in the EPM behavior are summarized in Table 2. Animals exposed to 70 and 140 mg/kg fipronil had no changes in EPM behavior. Rats exposed to 280 mg/kg fipronil had a significantly increased number of open and closed arms entries (p < 0.05) than controls. GSI-IX datasheet The permanency time in both open and closed arms of the EPM was not changed by fipronil treatment. The present study shows strong experimental evidence that a single, large dose of fipronil may influence mammalian neuronal excitability using behavioral investigation. Although it has been demonstrated that the new generation of insecticides shows greater affinity to invertebrates than to mammalian Bcl-2 inhibitor receptors [29] and [30],the data obtained here with fipronil insecticide exposure suggests that their effects in vertebrate’s central nervous system cannot be excluded. In the present experiment adolescent rats were chosen because a great preoccupation exists on exposure of infants and children.

These individuals are more sensitive to effects of some pesticides [31]. There is a growing concern that exposure to neurotoxicants during development might result in acceleration of age-related decline in central nervous system PAK5 function. Thus, it has been speculated that small effects during development can have a profound social impact when amortized across the entire population and across the life span of humans. It is important to stress that the adolescence is a critical period for the deleterious effects of drugs, including insecticides, which act as endocrine disruptors [32]. The test of open field is considered

an indicator of the emotional state of the animal and is commonly used for pharmacological selection of drugs that act on the central nervous system [33]. In this test, locomotion and rearing behaviors are considered indicators of locomotor and exploratory activities, respectively, whereas grooming and freezing are positively correlated with fear or emotionality ([33], [34], [35], [36] and [37]. In the present study, animals receiving fipronil presented increased freezing, grooming and rearing behaviors, suggesting that the insecticide increases emotionality and exploratory activities without modifying locomotor activity despite the fact that locomotion can also be related to exploration [35]. The data from the OF test indicates a dissociation between locomotor activity and rearing behaviors in animals exposed to fipronil. These are in contrast with results of others authors that reported that ambulation and rearing are positively correlated behaviors [38] and [39].