Test samples of silicones with various degrees of phosphor settling were prepared and uniaxial tensile tests were conducted. The results indicate that, for specific volume fraction of phosphor, phosphor sedimentation tends

to reduce the strength and elongation of overall composite. And with increasing degree of sedimentation, the weakening effect becomes more significant. The fractographs of the test samples indicate that cracks initiate around the bottom area where phosphor particles settle. Numerical investigations, which were conducted by random unit cell model with graded particle Duvelisib cost distribution, demonstrate that strain localization and stress concentration are significant where phosphor particles concentrate. It can be concluded that, to reduce mechanical degradation, phosphor sedimentation should be minimized in silicone/phosphor composite for LED packages. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42006.”
“Background An extensive retrospective study spanning several seasons was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the BD rapid influenza diagnostic test (RIDT) in comparison with the RT-PCR assay. Methods A total of 2,179 respiratory samples were tested in parallel

by in-house RT-PCR and the RIDT. During the 2003-2004, 2006-2007, 2007-2008, and 2008-2009 (n= 1671) seasons, the BD Directigen Flu A+B test was used, and during the 2010-2011, 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 (n= 508) seasons, the BD Directigen EZ Flu A+B test b was used. Results The sensitivity, specificity, GDC-0068 in vivo PPV and NPV for the BD Directigen Flu A+B test calculated for types A and B together were 39%, 99%, 98%, and 56%, respectively. For the BD Directigen EZ Flu A+B Erastin clinical trial test, these values were 47%, 100%, 100%, 55%, respectively. The sensitivity of the BD Directigen Flu A+B test did not differ significantly from

season to season or between types A (44%) and B (37%). The sensitivity of the BD Directigen EZ Flu A+B test calculated for type A only was 59%, which was considerably higher than the sensitivity of this test for type B (23%). The sensitivity of the RIDT was approximately 40-50% in children and teenagers, but it was only 18.% in adults aged 20 years and older. The specificity of both RIDTs was very high ( bigger than 99%) during all seasons. Conclusions Due to their rapid turnaround time, RIDTs can help guide decisions about the clinical management of influenza. Because of the high specificity, a positive result can be interpreted as a true positive, and antiviral therapy as well as appropriate measures to prevent the transmission of influenza can be initiated. The best sensitivity of the RIDT is achieved in children. However, even in this group, the RIDT will only recognize influenza infection in approximately half of the cases, and influenza should still be considered in patients with negative results; negative RIDT results must be confirmed by PCR.