, 2012). Despite the fact that local H:DBH allometry can be obtained from a small sample (45–90 individuals) of the stand, regional H-models can provide a fair alternative (Fig. 2A). In the field, measuring tree heights do not represent a heavy extra-cost and required on average 3–5 min at our sites. Most models overestimate the biomass of large trees, what could be considerably reduced in measuring systematically their height. In addition to a representative sample of the DBH distribution, focusing on large trees might help improving biomass estimate Ipilimumab and represent a good compromise between time constraints and accuracy. This research is part of

the project entitled Impacts of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and Enhancing Carbon Stocks (I-REDD+). I-REDD+ is

funded by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Research Programme. Additional support was provided to CIFOR by the governments of Australia (Grant Agreement # 46167) and Norway (Grant Agreement #QZA-10/0468). This work was carried out as part of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research programs on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (CRP6). Part of the data were collected by WWF Indonesia under the REDD for people and nature (RPAN) project funded by NORAD. The authors thank Ghislain Vieilledent and an anonymous reviewer for their valuable contribution that helped improving our manuscript. “
“Less intensive approaches Palbociclib supplier to forest management, such as partial cutting, are often proposed as a viable form of coarse-filter conservation of biological diversity and thus are key elements commonly included in larger proposed strategies for ecosystem management.

A non-trivial finding common Amylase in evaluations of partial cutting is that more retention maintains overall species assemblages better than less retention (Craig and Macdonald, 2009, Work et al., 2010 and Gustafsson et al., 2011). While the ‘more is better’ aspects of partial cutting seem intuitive (Lindenmayer et al., 2012), inclusion of partial cutting in larger management plans necessitates empirical estimates as to how much retention should be left following harvest and how best to implement partial cutting over larger landscapes. In boreal forests, partial cut harvesting has been advocated primarily as a means of creating or maintaining stand structures consistent with specific stages of forest succession (Bergeron and Harvey, 1997 and Harvey et al., 2002). In this approach, partial cutting is used to create structures consistent with uneven-aged or older forests which contain multiple cohorts of trees and/or different sizes of trees to maintain diverse stand structure and ensuring a continued albeit partial cover across a site (Messier et al., 2009). Under such a multicohort approach, retention left following partial cutting is meant to serve a primarily ecological role either as habitat for resident biodiversity or as a source of downed wood over several decades or more.