3 years (range 22.54–74.74 years; 95% CI 43.7–45.1 years); P<0.001]. CD4 counts were significantly different among groups: 96.1 cells/μL (range 0–977 cells/μL; 95% CI 65.9–126.2 cells/μL) in G1 vs. 282.6 cells/μL (range 0–1274 cells/μL; 95% CI 222–343.2 cells/μL) in G2 vs. 352 cells/μL (range 0–2017 cells/μL; 95% CI 391–430 cells/μL) in G3 (P<0.0001). This was similar to results obtained in the global HIV cohort followed in our centre. Median viral load was not available in G1 and was 1570 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL (range 47–106 copies/mL; 25th and 75th percentiles 50 and 98 800 copies/mL) in G2 vs. 50 copies/mL (range 50–105 copies/mL; 25th and 75th percentiles 50 and 16 500 copies/mL) in

G3 (P<0.0001). Chemoprophylaxis for opportunistic infection Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor was significantly more frequently prescribed in G1: it was prescribed in 196 patients (82%) in G1 vs. 114 patients PI3K inhibitor (47.9%) in G2 vs. 47 of 219 patients (21.46%) in G3 (P<0.0001). There were significantly fewer patients on antiretroviral therapy before endoscopy in G1: 79 patients (33.05%) were on antiretroviral therapy in G1 vs. 37 (15.55%) in G2 vs. 56 (24.45%) in G3 (P<0.0001). All treated patients were on mono or dual therapy in G1 (160; 66.94%) or HAART in G2 and G3 (201; 84.45% and 173; 75.55%, respectively). The most frequently prescribed HAART regimen was two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)+one

protease inhibitor (PI). Other combinations included two NRTIs+one nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or two Alectinib manufacturer NNRTIs + one PI + one NRTI. Few patients received enfuvirtide. The indications for UGIe in the three groups are listed in Table 1. Reflux symptoms were significantly more frequent in the HAART era, whereas odynophagia and/or dysphagia and acute/chronic diarrhoea were significantly more frequent in the pre-HAART period. When the three groups were compared

two by two for each indication, G1 was found to be significantly different from G2 and G3 for odynophagia/dysphagia, reflux symptoms and diarrhoea. Group 2 was significantly different from G3 for abdominal discomfort, haematemesis/melena/anaemia, and others. The endoscopic observations in the three groups are listed in Table 2. There was a statistically significant increase in GERD, inflammatory gastropathy and gastric ulcer in the HAART era (early and recent periods). HP infection was significantly more prevalent in the HAART era. Concomitantly, a significant reduction in candida oesophagitis, nonspecific oesophageal ulcer and Kaposi sarcoma was observed: there were two Kaposi sarcoma lesions in two patients in G3, one of which was confirmed by pathology, vs. 17 in 10 patients in G2 (three oesophageal, 12 gastric and two duodenal), seven of which were confirmed by pathology, vs. 36 in 23 patients in G1 (four oesophageal, 20 gastric and 12 duodenal).