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“Use of the broad knowledge about human genetic variation for the benefit of human health gives rise to a huge range of challenges. One of these challenges before was addressed at an international symposium held in Berlin in November 2011 entitled “Predictive Genetic Testing, Risk Communication and Risk Perception.” A particular focus of this meeting was the question how patients or consumers deal with the knowledge about their own individual genetic risks, i.e., to what extent this knowledge might change their attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle and their consequent behavior, or whether, on the contrary, it creates psychological harm (anxiety or misconception, e.g., false reassurance), rather than benefit to their health.