Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Objective: Cardiopulmonary bypass has been shown to exert an inflammatory response within the lung, often resulting in postoperative pulmonary dysfunction. Several
studies have shown that adenosine A(2A) receptor activation attenuates lung ischemia-reperfusion MK-0518 ic50 injury; however, the effect of adenosine A(2A) receptor activation on cardiopulmonary bypass-induced lung injury has not been studied. We hypothesized that specific adenosine A(2A) receptor activation by ATL313 would attenuate inflammatory lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass.
Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1) SHAM group (underwent cannulation_heparinization only); 2) CONTROL group (underwent 90 minutes of normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass with normal whole-blood priming solution; and 3) ATL group (underwent 90 minutes of normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass with ATL313 added to the normal priming solution).
Results: There was significantly less pulmonary edema and lung injury in the ATL group compared with the CONTROL group. Epigenetic Reader Domain inhibitor The ATL group had significant reductions in bronchoalveolar lavage interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interferon-gamma, and myeloperoxidase levels compared
with the CONTROL group. Similarly, lung tissue interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma were significantly decreased in the ATL group compared with the CONTROL group. There was no significant difference between the SHAM and ATL groups in the amount of pulmonary edema, lung injury, or levels of proinflammatory cytokines.
Conclusion: The addition of a potent adenosine A(2A) receptor agonist to the normal priming solution before the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass significantly protects the lung from the inflammatory effects of cardiopulmonary bypass and reduces the amount of lung injury. Adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists could represent a new therapeutic strategy for reducing
the potentially devastating consequences of the inflammatory response associated with cardiopulmonary bypass.”
“Personality influences several characteristics of normal and pathologic behaviors and Phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase it is associated with neurotransmitter systems that are under genetic control. The dopaminergic system has been proposed to play a role in the modulation of personality traits. In the present study, variants of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) genes (for TH: rs3842727, rs6356; for DDC: rs1451371, rs1470750, rs998850) were investigated in 111 suicide attempters and 289 healthy subjects to assess the involvement of the dopaminergic synthesis pathway in personality traits. No strong evidence was found for the associations between personality and TH or DDC in overall tests.