12 Percent of predicted FVC 104.2 ± 15.6 89.6 ± 15.0 −14.6 0.005 −15.8 0.06 FEV1 residual (ml) −66 ± 584 −587 ± 762 −521 0.02 −440 0.15 FVC residual (ml) 153 ± 636 −472 ± 700 −624 0.005 −673 0.07 Diff. difference, FEV 1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity aAdjusted for smoking, childhood secondhand smoke, wood, charcoal, or kerosene fuel use in childhood home, occupational air pollution, and education Table 3 Exposure response between early-life arsenic and lung function residuals (observed minus predicted) and percent of age-, sex-, and height-predicted values (mean ± SD)  

Peak arsenic before age 10 <50 μg/l (n = 45) 50–250 μg/l (n = 20) >800 μg/l (n = 32) Percent predicted FEV1 98.2 ± 14.6 91.2 ± 11.0 88.1 ± 18.3 Percent predicted FVC 103.6 ± 16.7 98.2 ± 10.0 94.7 ± 15.3 FEV1 residual (ml) −63 ± 443 −270 ± 314 −375 ± 611 FVC residual (ml) 103 ± 584 −54 ± 380 −226 ± 614   50–250 compared to <50 μg/l www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD6244.html >800 compared to <50 μg/l P trendb CHIR-99021 solubility dmso Crude Adjusteda Crude Adjusteda Crude Adjusteda Diff. P value Diff. P value Diff. P value Diff. P value Percent predicted FEV1 −7.0 0.03 −4.6 0.18 −10.0 0.005 −11.5 0.04 0.005 0.03 Percent predicted FVC −5.3 0.10 −2.7 0.32 −8.8 0.01 −12.2 0.04 0.008 0.03 FEV1 residual (ml) −208 0.03 −152 0.16 −312 0.006 −335 0.06 0.005 0.03 FVC residual (ml) −157 0.14 −52 0.40 −329 0.01 −429 0.04 0.006 0.02

Diff. difference, FEV 1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity aAdjusted for smoking, childhood secondhand

smoke, wood, charcoal, or kerosene fuel use in childhood home, occupational air pollution, and education bHighest known arsenic concentration before age 10 was entered as a continuous variable in linear models Table 4 Prevalence odds ratios (PORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for respiratory symptoms   Peak arsenic before age 10 Crude Adjusteda 0–250 μg/l (n = 65) > 800μg/l (n = 32) POR 95% CI P value POR 95% CI P value Chronic cough 7 (11%) 5 (16%) 1.53 0.45–5.28 0.26 1.30 0.22–7.80 0.39 Chronic phlegm 5 (7%) 2 (6%) 0.80 0.15–4.37 0.38 0.93 0.10–9.01 0.48 Chronic bronchitis 2 (3%) 1 (3%) 1.02 0.09–11.6 0.49 N/A N/A N/A Trouble breathing Dimethyl sulfoxide  Rarely 16 (25%) 4 (13%) 0.44 0.13–1.44 0.08 1.20 0.25–5.73 0.41  Often 2 (3%) 2 (6%) 2.10 0.28–15.6 0.23 1.01 0.06–17.2 0.49 Breathlessness walking  Fast/uphill 15 (23%) 13 (41%) 2.28 0.92–5.67 0.04 2.53 0.68–9.45 0.08  At group pace 9 (14%) 12 (38%) 3.73 1.37–10.2 0.004 5.94 1.36–26.0 0.009  At own pace 7 (11%) 10 (31%) 3.77 1.27–11.1 0.006 3.89 0.90–16.8 0.03 Any respiratory symptom 20 (31%) 14 (44%) 1.75 0.73–4.20 0.11 2.63 0.78–8.92 0.06 N/A not available (adjustment variables missing for 1 “yes” respondent) aAdjusted for age, sex, smoking, childhood secondhand smoke, wood, charcoal, or kerosene fuel use in childhood home, occupational air pollution, and education Table 2 shows lung function mean residuals (observed minus predicted) and percent of age-, sex-, and height-predicted values.