Exercise performance assessment Subjects performed a 1 repetition

Exercise performance assessment Subjects performed a 1 repetition maximum lifts (1-RM) on the bench CB-839 mouse press. Subjects warmed up (2 sets of 8–10 repetitions at approximately 50% of anticipated maximum) on the bench press. Subjects performed successive 1-RM lifts starting at about 70% of anticipated 1-RM and increased it by 5–10 lbs until

the reaching a 1-RM. There was a two minute rest interval between sets. Each subject was allowed a maximum of three attempts. Statistical analysis Data were analyzed utilizing five separate 2-way [group (Pre-Treatment [aka PRE-SUPP] vs. Post-Treatment [aka POST-SUPP]) × time (pre vs. post)] Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). When appropriate, follow-up analysis included paired sample t-test. An alpha level was set at p ≤ 0.05, and all analyses were performed using PASW version 18.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). The effects of nutrient timing plus resistance exercise were calculated as the changes from pretraining to post-training body composition and performance measurements among Pre-Treatment vs. Post-Treatment groups. Magnitude-based inferences were used to identify clinical differences in the measurement changes between the Pre-Treatment and Post-Treatment. Several studies have supported the use of magnitude-based MAPK inhibitor inference statistics as a complementary tool for null hypothesis testing to reduce errors in

interpretation and to provide more clinically meaningful results [30, 31]. The precision of the magnitude inference

was set at 90% confidence limits, using a p value derived from an independent t-test. Threshold values for positive and negative effect were calculated by multiplying standard deviations of baseline values by 20% [30]. Inferences on true differences between the exercise and control group were determined very as positive, trivial, or negative according to methods previously described by Batterham and Hopkins [31]. Inferences were based on the confidence interval range relative to the smallest clinically meaningful effect to be positive, trivial, or negative. Unclear results are reported if the observed confidence interval overlaps both positive and negative values. The probability of the effect was evaluated according to the following scale: : <0.5%, most unlikely; 0.5-5%, very unlikely; 5-25%, unlikely; 25-75%, possibly; 75-95%, likely; 95–99.5%, very likely; >99.5%, most likely (Hopkins, 2010). Results Twenty-two subjects were initially recruited for this investigation. Three subjects dropped out for no given reason. Nineteen healthy recreational male bodybuilders (age: 23.1 ± 2.9; height: 166.0 ± 23.2 cm; weight: 80.2 ± 10.4 kg) completed the study. There were no differences between groups for any of the baseline GSK2118436 purchase measures. 2×2 ANOVA results – There was a significant time effect for FFW (F = 19.9; p = 0.001) and BP (F = 18.9; p < 0.001), however FM and BW did not reach significance. While there were trends, no significant interactions were found (Table 1).

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