feasibility of each approach.
Study Design and Setting: Studies describing
methods to measure comorbidity in epidemiological studies related to cancer were identified. Data relating to content, face, and criterion validity, reliability, and feasibility were collected.
Results: Two thousand nine hundred seventy-five abstracts were reviewed and 21 separate approaches identified. Content and face validity varied but tended to be higher for measures developed for cancer populations. Some evidence supporting criterion validity GSK690693 of all approaches was found. Where reported, reliability tended to be moderate to high. Some approaches tended to score well on all aspects but were resource intensive in terms of data collection. Eight indices scored at least moderately well on all criteria, three of which demonstrated usefulness in relation to non-site specific cancer (Charlson Comorbidity Index, Elixhauser approach, and National Cancer Institute [Combined] Index).
Conclusions: No gold standard approach to measuring comorbidity in the context of cancer exists. Approaches vary in their strengths and weaknesses, with the choice of measure depending on the study question, population studied, and data available.
(c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“The hypoglossal nerve appears typically between the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein and down in the lateral groove between these 2 anatomical structures on to the right common carotid artery bifurcation. In this case report, we presented a patient that was operated on for laryngeal carcinoma, and abnormal navigation of hypoglossal selleck compound nerve was observed during the neck dissection.”
“Auron-Misheil-Therapy (AMT) is currently under development as an anticancer treatment. The aim of the present study was the identification of possible effects and properties of AMT with regard to human skin. The study consisted of three experimental phases. Phase 1 assessed the effects of
AMT on the viability of 2-D evaluated and accredited cell cultures of three cell types of human skin, namely: keratinocytes, melanocytes and fibroblasts. Three separate assays were used in this phase. Phase 2 was designed to clarify the effects of AMT on cell viability to investigate the mode of action of AMT. Two possible modes of action were investigated: proliferation inhibition and apoptosis. There was one assay to assess proliferation, and two Selonsertib mw independent assays to assess apoptosis. The third phase assessed the effects of AMT on two different types of 3-D skin models, an ex vivo model and a de novo reconstituted model. In the phase 1 tests, reduction of cell viability by AMT was demonstrated in all three cell types. In phase 2, the cell proliferation assay showed decreased proliferation rates in the presence of AMT in three out of four cell populations. In phase 3, histochemical investigations with 3-D models indicated that AMT induces desquamation, most likely as the result of apoptosis of epidermal cells.