High Zn content in seminal plasma had also been associated with a high degree of sperm cell motility.[26] In another study, it has been demonstrated that extracellular Zn acts as an inhibitor of human neither sperm motility and acrosome reaction.[27] We found decreased level of semen Zn in azoospermic, oligozoospermic, asthenozoospermic, and oligozoospermic groups. However, seminal plasma Zn in those patients having >50% of motility had significantly increased concentration than those having decreased (<50%) motility, which is in contrast to the study conducted by Dissanayake et al.[23] In our study, semen Zn showed a direct relationship to active motility and inverse relation with immotile fraction. As motility is Zn dependent, when Zn level increases, motility also increases and vice versa [Table 1 and Figure 1].

This has been observed in polyzoospermic, normozoospermic, oligozoospermic, asthenozoospermic, and oligoasthenozoospermic patients. Similarly, concentration of Zn decreases when count decreases, except in azoospermic patients. It is concluded that decreased concentration of seminal plasma Zn do affect the sperm count and sperm motility. It can be suggested that the administration of Zn should be very carefully monitored in those patients having low sperm count but normal sperm motility. In such cases, seminal plasma Zn level should be measured before treatment, since adequate seminal plasma content of Zn is required for normal sperm function. Footnotes Source of Support: Nil. Conflict of Interest: None declared.
Sir, Climate change is one of the most critical global challenges of our times.

The impacts of climate change range from agricultural damage, further endangering food security, to sea-level rise and the accelerated erosion of coastal zones increasing the intensity of natural disasters, species extinction, and spread of vector-borne diseases.[1] Climate change contributes to the global burden of disease also, and this is expected to grow in the future.[2] The impacts of climate change on human health will not be evenly distributed around the world; the vulnerability of a population will depend on factors such as pre-existing health status, quality and availability of public healthcare, local environmental conditions, and other socio-economic factors.[3] There may be gender variations in the response to illness, and response of the society may have gender-bias.

Women sweat less,[4] have a higher metabolic rate, and have thicker subcutaneous fat that prevents them from cooling themselves as efficiently as men. Women are therefore less able to tolerate heat stress. Shapiro et al. studied gender-variations under several different hot wet and hot dry conditions. Men sweat more Carfilzomib than women in all climates. The most significant difference was during hot wet exposures, where men were seen to sweat 25-40% more than women.