However, there are key differences in neurovascular relationships that
must be considered when the canine prostate is used as a radical prostatectomy model.”
“Purpose: The knowledge of somatic mutations that arise in penile cancer is limited. We examined the dysregulation of components in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Ras pathways.
Materials and Methods: Using single stranded conformational. analysis and direct sequencing we performed mutational analysis of the PIK3CA, PTEN, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS and BRAF genes in 28 penile tumors.
Results: We identified somatic missense mutations in 11 of the 28 penile cancer samples (39%). In the PIK3CA gene 8 mutations (29%) were identified that were E542K or E545K. In the HRAS gene a G12S and a Q61L mutation were found (7%). The KRAS gene contained 1 mutation (3%), that is a G12S change. PIK3CA selleck chemicals mutations were found in all grades and stages, whereas HRAS and KRAS mutations were found in larger and more advanced tumors. The mutations were mutually exclusive, suggesting that dysregulation of either pathway is sufficient for the development and progression of penile carcinoma.
Conclusions: The high frequency of mutations in the PIK3CA, HRAS learn more and KRAS genes leads
us to believe that dysregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase or Ras pathway is significant for the development and progression of penile carcinoma.”
“Purpose: Tissue engineered bladders are emerging as a potential treatment option in urological surgery. Although successful neobladders can be engineered with autologous cells on a biodegradable polymer scaffold, studies of the local and systemic effects on host tissue have not been extensively pursued. We examined such effects at predetermined
time points after implantation of tissue engineered neobladders in a canine cystoplasty model.
Materials and Methods: Eight dogs underwent trigone sparing cystectomies. Six dogs (experimental Isotretinoin group) received bladder augmentation with tissue engineered constructs produced from autologous urothelial and smooth muscle cells on a prefabricated polyglycolic acid polymer scaffold. Two beagles (control group) received bladder augmentation with the polyglycolic acid scaffold alone. Serial urodynamic studies, cystograms, peripheral blood smears, urinalysis, serum chemistry, complete blood count and electrolytes were done at predetermined time points postoperatively. The bladder, and local and distant organs were retrieved 6 months after surgery for analysis.
Results: Capacity and compliance of the engineered bladders reached normal levels by 6 months. Engineered bladders showed tissue composition similar to that of normal bladders. Infiltration of inflammatory cells was minimal and subsided with time. Am increase in the total systemic leukocyte count and in bacteriuria was evident initially at 1 week but they returned to normal levels by 1 month postoperatively.