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“Obesity constitutes a growing health problem, and surgical treatment of severe obesity is increasingly used. Nutrient deficiencies are common following bariatric surgery and the evidence indicates a progressive increase in the incidence and Pevonedistat nmr severity of the deficiency of certain vitamins and related clinical conditions. Because of the potential role of carotenoids in disease prevention, our aim was to assess the carotenoid status in candidates

for obesity surgery and the time-course changes following two bariatric procedures.

Seventy-five candidates for bariatric surgery (17 men, 58 women; age 43 +/- 10 years) and a total of 362 serum samples after obesity surgery (i.e., Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n = 187) and biliopancreatic

diversion (n = 175)) were consecutively collected and assessed. Retinol, alpha- and gamma-tocopherol, 25-OH-vitamin D3, lutein, zeaxanthin, alpha- and beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene (trans and cis), alpha- and beta-carotene (trans and cis) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Mean serum levels of carotenoids in candidates for obesity surgery were within the reference values reported in controls and seasonal 3-deazaneplanocin A purchase variations were present in several analytes. After surgery, and regardless of the type of intervention, all serum carotenoids dropped following first-order kinetics. Cis/trans ratio of lycopene and beta-carotene did not change after surgery, over the time or between surgical procedures. On a long-term, serum carotenoids were at or below fifth percentile of reference groups.

The chronic low levels of carotenoids in these patients compromise their availability Lazertinib purchase to tissues, constituting an additional risk factor for other clinical conditions. Dietary advice on carotenoid-rich, fortified foods or supplements should be also evaluated in these patients.”
“In recent decades, in the US and in Western and Northern Europe, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of atopic allergic disease. Although that increase may now be slowing, or have already reached a plateau, there remains considerable interest

in the factor or factors that may have caused this increased susceptibility to allergy and asthma. Certainly, the changes recorded have been too rapid to implicate a change in the gene pool, and for that reason attention has focused on the possible impact of environmental, dietary, and lifestyle factors. Although the hygiene hypothesis proposes that increased susceptibility to allergic sensitization is associated with changes in childhood exposure pathogenic microorganisms, other factors have been considered also. Among these is exposure to chemicals and atmospheric pollutants. There is some evidence that exposure to certain chemicals may elicit or exacerbate respiratory reactions in those who are already sensitized, or who already have existing airway disease.