Participants also provided information about their life history of drinking and help-seeking.

Results: Older adults who, at baseline, had more friends who approved of drinking, relied on substances for tension reduction, and had more financial resources were more likely to engage in high-risk alcohol consumption and to incur drinking problems at 10- and 20-year follow-ups. AR-13324 With respect to life history factors, drinking problems by age 50 were associated

with a higher likelihood of late-life high-risk alcohol consumption and drinking problems; having tried to cut down on drinking and participation in Alcoholics Anonymous were associated with a lower likelihood of high-risk consumption and problems.

Conclusion: Specific late-life and life history factors can identify older adults likely to engage in excessive alcohol consumption 10 and 20 years later. Targeted screening that considers current alcohol consumption and life context, and history of drinking problems and help-seeking, could help identify older adults at higher risk for excessive 4SC-202 or problematic drinking. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.”
“The

protein complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain associate in defined ways forming supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes or respirasomes. In plants, additional oxidoreductases participate in respiratory electron transport, e.g. the so-called “”alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases”" or an extra terminal oxidase called “”alternative oxidase”" (AOX). These additional enzymes were previously reported not to form part of respiratory

supercomplexes. learn more However, formation of respiratory supercomplexes might indirectly affect “”alternative respiration”" because electrons can be channeled within the supercomplexes which reduces access of the alternative enzymes towards their electron donating substrates. Here we report an investigation on the supramolecular organization of the respiratory chain in thermogenic Arum maculatum appendix mitochondria, which are known to have a highly active AOX for heat production. Investigations based on mild membrane solubilization by digitonin and protein separation by blue native PAGE revealed a very special organization of the respiratory chain in A. maculatum, which strikingly differs to the one described for the model plant Ambidopsis thaliana: (i) complex I is not present in monomeric form but exclusively forms part of a I + III(2) super-complex, (ii) the III(2) + IV and I + III(2) + IV supercomplexes are detectable but of low abundance, (iii) complex II has fewer subunits than in A. thaliana, and (iv) complex IV is mainly present as a monomer in a larger form termed “”complex IVa”". Since thermogenic tissue of A.