The absence of culturally relevant measures in indigenous languages could pose challenges to epidemiological studies on physical activity in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF) to the Hausa language, and to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Hausa version of IPAQ-SF in Nigeria.
Methods: The English IPAQ-SF was translated into the Hausa language, synthesized, back translated, and subsequently subjected to expert committee review and pre-testing. The final product (Hausa IPAQ-SF) was tested in a cross-sectional study for concurrent
(correlation with the English version) and construct validity, and test-retest reliability in a sample Selleckchem AZD6738 of 102 apparently healthy adults.
Results: The Hausa IPAQ-SF has good concurrent validity with Spearman correlation coefficients (rho) ranging from 0.78 for vigorous activity (Min Week(-1)) to 0.92 for total eFT508 mw physical
activity (Metabolic Equivalent of Task [MET]-Min Week(-1)), but poor construct validity, with cardiorespiratory fitness (rho = 0.21, p = 0.01) and body mass index (rho = 0.22, p = 0.04) significantly correlated with only moderate activity and sitting time (Min Week(-1)), respectively. Reliability was good for vigorous (ICC = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.55-0.84) and total physical activity (ICC = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.47-0.72), but fair for moderate activity (ICC = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.12-0.51), and few meaningful differences were found in the gender and socioeconomic status specific analyses.
Conclusions: The Hausa IPAQ-SF has acceptable concurrent validity and test-retest reliability for vigorous-intensity activity, walking, sitting and total physical activity, but demonstrated only fair construct validity for moderate and sitting activities. The Hausa IPAQ-SF
can be used for physical activity measurements in Nigeria, but further construct validity testing with objective measures such as an accelerometer is needed.”
“OBJECTIVES: Candida-associated denture stomatitis is a recurrent and debilitating oral mucosal disease. Development of anticandidal denture materials Selleckchem AZD4547 represents a promising strategy to manage this condition. We have previously shown that miconazole incorporated in methacrylic acid (MAA) copolymerized diurethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) denture materials has long-term anticandidal activity. In this study, we examined the ability of culture medium conditioned with drug-free-or miconazole-MAA-UDMA discs to prevent Candida infection in an in vitro oral epithelial cell/Candida albicans coculture system.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Candida albicans (C. albicans)-induced OKF6/TERT-2 cell damage was quantified by the release of lactate dehydrogenase from epithelial cells, cytokine production was quantified using protein cytokine arrays, and the expression of C. albicans genes was measured by RT-qPCR.