The injector temperature was 250 °C, and the detector (or interface) temperature was 280 °C. The injection volume of ethyl acetate was Pazopanib 0.5 μL, the partition rate of the injected volume was 1:87, and the column pressure was 64.20 kPa. The mass spectrometer conditions were as follows: ionic capture detector impact energy of 70 eV, scanning speed 0.85 scan/s from 40 to 550 Da. Quantitative

analysis of the chemical constituents was performed by flame ionization gas chromatography (FID), using a Shimadzu GC-17A (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) instrument, under the following operational conditions: capillary ZB-5MS column (5% phenyl-arylene–95% dimethylpolysiloxane) fused silica capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm i.d. × 0.25 μm film thickness) from Phenomenex (Torrance, CA, USA), under same conditions as reported for the GC–MS. Quantification of each constituent was estimated by area normalization (%). Compound concentrations were calculated from the GC peak areas and they were arranged in order of GC elution. The essential oil components were identified by comparing their mass spectra with the available spectra in the equipment

database (NIST05 and WILEY8). Additionally, the measured retention indices were compared with those in the literature (Adams, 2007). The relative retention indices (RRI) were determined using the Vandendool and Kratz (1963) equation and selleckchem a ever homologous series of n-alkanes (C8–C18) injected under the chromatography conditions described above. The means of the chemical constituents and essential content were subjected to the analysis of variance F test and were compared using the Scott–Knott test at 5% probability. A sensitivity test was performed on R. (B.) microplus larvae at the Animal Parasitology Laboratory at the UFMA Chapadinha Campus. The methodology was developed by Stone and Haydock in 1962, and adapted by the Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO, 1984) and Leite (1988). Two sheets of filter paper (4 cm2) (Whatman, 80g) were treated with

0.4 mL of solution containing 3% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and essential oil or one of the major components. Ten concentrations ranging from 0.0612 to 25.00 mg/mL of thymol (Merck) or carvacrol (Sigma–Aldrich) or essential oil isolated from each of the four L. gracilis genotypes were used for the test. Approximately 100 tick larvae were placed on one of the sheets and then covered with the other sheet, forming a sandwich. The sandwiched filter papers and larvae were then placed in an envelope of folded non-impregnated filter paper (72.25 cm2) and sealed with a plastic clothespin. The envelope was placed in an incubator and maintained at 27 ± 1 °C with relative humidity (RH) ≥ 80% for 24 h. After this time, alive and dead larvae were counted. We considered dead the ticks without movement. The experiment was performed with four replicates for each treatment.