The number of samples in each category is displayed in the risk table below each Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Figure 1 IHC analysis of Smo protein expression in mesothelioma tissue samples. A-C: Representative images of IHC for evaluating Smo protein expression level with score of 1,2 RAD001 in vitro and 3. A, 1-low level; B, 2-intermediate level; C, 3-high level. D, RT-PCR measuring Smo mRNA expression level of corresponding samples of 1–3 as in A-C. Survival analysis Median follow-up time was 11.8 months (inter-quartile range, 6.3 to 27.0 months). Forty-five patients died, including 31 patients
who died within two years of their operations. In the univariate Cox proportional hazards model, sex and histological type were significantly associated with overall
survival, and these variables were included in the multivariate model (Table 2). Age was not significantly associated with overall survival, however, this variable was included in the multivariate model a priori. Race, smoking status, and stage were not significantly associated with overall survival, and these variables were not included in the multivariate model. In the univariate model, higher SMO expression levels were associated with worse overall survival (p = 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival https://www.selleckchem.com/products/GDC-0449.html estimates confirmed these results (selleck chemicals Figures 2 and 3A). Figure 2 Kaplan-Meier survival curves by (A) sex, (B) race, (C) smoking status, and (D) histological type. Figure 3 Kaplan-Meier survival curves by (A) SMO and (B) SHH expression levels. Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis Hazard ratio pentoxifylline 95% CI p-value Hazard ratio 95% CI p-value Age (10 years) 0.84 0.61-1.16 0.28 0.82 0.57-1.17 0.28 Sex Female 1 1 Male 0.55 0.27-1.12 0.10 0.75
0.33-1.74 0.50 Histologic type Epithelioid 1 0.04 1 0.08 Sarcomatous 7.76 1.54-39.0 0.01 7.26 1.25-42.1 0.03 Other 1.53 0.58-4.00 0.39 1.38 0.52-3.69 0.52 SMO expression level 1.05 1.00-1.10 0.05 1.06 1.00-1.12 0.03 In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, SMO expression level remained associated with worse survival (Table 2). However, sex was no longer associated with overall survival (p = 0.50) and histological type was less strongly associated with overall survival (p = 0.08). After adjusting for age, sex, and histological type, the hazard ratio and significance of SMO expression level increased compared to the univariate model (p = 0.03). SHH expression level was analyzed separately because data was only available for 26 patients. In the univariate model, SHH expression level was significantly associated with overall survival. Increase in SHH expression level strongly correlates with elevated risk of death (95% CI, 1-28%; p = 0.04; data not shown). When SHH expression level was dichotomized at the median, log-rank test was not significant (p = 0.