The same study specifies the manual removal efficiency in the range of 50–100 l per hour per person, with the higher value assumed for the present study, see also Shikida (1999). The number of people used in the calculations is 500, from which 350 would be cleaning at the same time. The CPTs contain 26 states ranging from 0 to infinitive; the parameters expressed in hours are obtained by dividing the amounts of waste to be removed mechanically/manually by the adopted efficiencies. This variable is dependent on the following variables: Machine cost, Manual small molecule library screening cost and Boat cost.

The costs associated with the mechanical removal of oil at the shore are the cost of the machine used and the cost of hiring two people to operate it. During the workshop, the participants agreed that using a machine to remove the oil would cost about 130 euro

per hour. The Machine cost contains 34 intervals and is only dependent on the Time for mechanical removal. This group of costs is similar to the Machine cost, but it is divided into 36 intervals as the costs are higher than for mechanical removal. This variable accounts for the equipment and personnel costs. The latter includes the costs of feeding, lodging and personal hygiene of people working at the site, which altogether are estimated to be 20 euro per person per day. The individual salaries depend on the type of people Smad inhibitor working, as there is a large difference between hiring firemen, volunteers or other third-party workers. We make a rough estimate of 30 euro per hour, assuming six hours of working time per day. The cost of equipping the personnel is dependent on the complexity of equipment, and varies between 50 and 145 euro, see Partila (2010), however we adopt a value of 50 Euro and assume

that the basic equipment fulfils the necessary requirements. Any added quantities will be grouped as additional costs. To calculate the overall manual removal cost and the corresponding CPT the following formulae is applied: equation(7) Manual costs=C25·350·30+C256·20ifC256<1C25·350·30+C256·20+25,000otherwisewhere C25 stands for Time for manual removal. As the equipment cost depends on the number of people working – in our case 500 as previously mentioned – and the equipment cost is 50 euro per person the total GNE-0877 equipment cost amounts up to 25,000. In the case of small spills this is quite a lot, and, in reality, there most likely would be fewer people working to remove the oil manually. In order to make the model more realistic, the conditional function is added to the equation which states that if the clean-up operation takes less than one effective work day of six hours, the equipment costs are not considered, whereas the personnel costs remain. If the operation is calculated to take more than one day, all costs are added together.