The treatment duration in the SOC group was 24, 48, or 72 weeks depending on whether HCV RNA was undetectable after 4, 12, or 24 weeks www.selleckchem.com/products/Gemcitabine-Hydrochloride(Gemzar).html of treatment, with patients discontinuing if HCV RNA had not declined by at least 2 log10 IU/mL after 12 weeks. In the tailored group, there was a flexible treatment duration depending on rate of HCV RNA decline. HCV Genotyping Genotyping of HCV was for the DITTO-HCV trial performed using INNO-LiPA HCV II (Innogenetics N.V., Ghent, Belgium) and for the TTG1 trial using Taqman real-time PCR [30]. HCV RNA Quantification HCV RNA was quantified in the DITTO study using Cobas Amplicor (Roche Diagnostics, Branchburg, NJ) on days 0, 1, 4, 7, 8, 15, 22, 29, and weeks 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, as well as 24 weeks after the completion of the treatment.

Samples in the TTG1 study were obtained at baseline and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks of treatment. Characterization of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms The IL28B-related SNPs rs12979860, rs12980275 and rs8099917 were determined for the DITTO-HCV trial with TaqMan SNP genotyping assays (Applied Biosystems Inc., Foster City, CA) as previously described [13], and the IL28B-related SNPs rs12979860 and rs8099917 were for the TTG1 trial determined by allelic discrimination using Taqman MGB (minor groove binding) probes [31]. Analysis of sCD26 Concentration Concentrations (ng/mL) of soluble CD26/DPPIV, human sCD26 ELISA (BMS235CE, eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA) were quantified according to the manufacturer��s protocol with the plasma samples diluted 15 in sample diluent [32].

Analysis of DPPIV Activity The DPP enzymatic activity of sCD26 was measured using the DPPIV-Glo? Protease Assay (Promega, Madison, WI, USA), which is based on the cleavage of a pre-obtained substrate (Gly-Pro-aminoluciferin) by DPPIV [20], followed by light production measured as luciferase activity. The luminescent signal recorded for 0.1 seconds, defined as relative light units (RLU), is proportional to the total amount of DPPIV activity in each sample. The assay used 50 ��L 0.2% diluted plasma sample and 50 ��L freshly prepared CD26/DPPIV-Glo? reagent followed by an incubation time of 30 minutes at room temperature in accordance with the manufacturer��s protocol, with 50 ��L PBS used as negative control. The DPPIV activity is presented as an arbitrary unit (AU) giving the RLU sample/RLU PBS quotient. Analysis of IP-10 Concentration Quantification of IP-10 in the baseline plasma samples was performed using a solid-phase IP-10 ELISA (R&D SYSTEMS, Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to manufacturer��s protocol [33] but with AV-951 plasma samples diluted 14 using assay diluent.