Immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting, and RT-PCR indicated that down-regulation of GRs expression occurred in the hippocampus among TBI-rats which demonstrated reduced performance of check details learning and memory in Morris water maze. As the GRs expression bounced up, the cognitive function approached to normal. It is concluded that reduced expression of hippocampal GRs was closely associated with learning and memory deficits in TBI-rats. Hippocampal GRs was involved in the biochemical mechanisms of cognitive deficits after TBI. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“An

infectious cDNA clone of a genotype 3 strain of hepatitis E virus adapted to growth in HepG2/C3A human hepatoma cells was constructed. This virus was unusual in that the hypervariable region of the adapted virus contained a 171-nucleotide insertion that encoded 58 amino acids of human S17 ribosomal protein. Analyses of virus from six serial passages indicated ASP2215 that genomes with this insert, although initially rare, were selected during the first passage, suggesting it conferred a significant growth advantage. RNA transcripts from this cDNA and the viruses

encoded by them were infectious for cells of both human and swine origin, the major host species for this zoonotic virus. Mutagenesis studies demonstrated that the S17 insert was a major factor in cell culture adaptation. Introduction of 54 synonymous mutations into the insert had no detectable effect, thus implicating protein, rather than RNA, as Lck the important component. Truncation of the insert by 50% decreased the levels of successful transfection by

similar to 3-fold. Substitution of the S17 sequence by a different ribosomal protein sequence or by GTPase-activating protein sequence resulted in a partial enhancement of transfection levels, whereas substitution with 58 amino acids of green fluorescent protein had no effect. Therefore, both the sequence length and the amino acid composition of the insert were important. The S17 sequence did not affect transfection of human hepatoma cells when inserted into the hypervariable region of a genotype 1 strain, but this chimeric genome acquired a dramatic ability to replicate in hamster cells.”
“We have designed and evaluated a novel strategy for screening large gene collections available as GATEWAY-adapted ORFeomes for soluble recombinant overexpression in Escherichia coli, called “”Screening Colonies of ORFeome Pools”" (SCOOP). From a large gene collection we could, without expensive multi-well based cloning and expression screening, determine which targets were suitable for large-scale expression and purification. Normalized bacterial overnight cultures of an ORF collection of entry clones derived from the Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) were pooled and used for the isolation of plasmid DNA.