Twenty-one studies [19�C39] with a total of 477 selleckchem Nilotinib patients undergoing SILC met the criteria for analysis providing level 2�C4 evidence (Table 1). There were one multi-institutional study and a total of 9 comparative studies including 6 case-matched ones between SILC and other minimally invasive procedures. There were no randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses in the selected literature. Table 1 Characteristics of patients undergoing single-incision laparoscopic colorectal surgery. 3. Results 3.1. Indications and SILC Procedures Demographic information and preoperative parameters are shown in Table 1. All studies except 4 performed SILC for colon cancer cases [21, 26, 29, 38]. Among them, 18 studies also included benign colon disease (diverticulitis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, polyps, etc.

) [21, 22, 24�C39]. The most common surgical procedures performed in these series were right hemicolectomy (n = 277), followed by sigmoidectomy (n = 81). Anterior resections were performed in 5 of 22 studies (n = 37). Range of body mass index (BMI) was 21.9�C30.0kg/m2 in each study. 3.2. Surgical Instruments and Skin Incision Length All studies except one [30] used commercially available single port devices as summarized in Table 3. Chen et al. used a surgical glove attached with three trocars for the purpose of reestablishing the pneumoperitoneum after extraction of the specimen and anastomosis [30]. Ross et al., instead of a single access device, used multiple trocars placed through a single skin incision for some patients [32].

All studies, with exception of two [29, 34], utilized three ports/trocars (5, 5, 5, or 12mm) placed through the single access device. Sixteen studies reported on type of laparoscope used [20�C26, 29, 30, 32�C38]. Most of investigators from the studies reported using 30��-angled scopes while two studies used 0�� laparoscopes [20, 21]. Types of instruments used are detailed in Table 3. The skin incision for the insertion of port systems initially measured 2 to 4cm, and average length of final scar was 2.7�C4.5cm in 7 studies [22, 23, 27, 31�C33, 36] with relevant data. The final (at the end of operation) length of incision scar was longer than the initial one in all 11 studies with available data [21�C24, 27, 28, 30, 33�C36]. Table 3 Required materials of single-incision laparoscopic colorectal surgery. 3.3.

Intraoperative Parameters The summary of various operative parameters is shown in Table 2. The range of operative times for SILC procedure was 75�C229 minutes (n = 21 studies). The range of estimated blood loss was Entinostat 0�C100mL (n = 14 studies). Among all 477 cases eligible in the current paper, a total of 5 cases (1.0%) were converted to open procedures, 3 cases (0.6%) to hand-assisted laparoscopic surgeries (HALS), and 20 cases (4.2%) to conventional (multiport) laparoscopic colectomies (LAC). Overall conversion rate was 5.9% (28/477).