88, 95% CI 2 44-3 41) For those with an ISS >= 16, the OR was

88, 95% CI 2.44-3.41). For those with an ISS >= 16, the OR was 6.53 (95% CI 4.07-10.47). For patients 55 years Alisertib in vitro and older, 52% of nontrauma patients were triaged to the trauma center versus 59% of FTTA positive

and 64% of patients with ISS >= 16 (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.93-1.15). Patients 55 years and older with an ISS >= 16 had only a slightly increased triage effect (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.08-2.58) compared with those with an ISS 0 to 15 (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.89-1.12).\n\nConclusions: Whereas FTTA appropriately triaged patients 15 to 54 years old to the trauma center, those 55 years old and older were much less likely to be triaged correctly. The reasons for this finding remain unknown, and further studies are needed to investigate and improve elderly triage.”
“Very few cases of mosaic trisomy 13 combined with a monosomy X have been reported. It can be assumed that this website most likely the zygote was 47,XX,+13 and 2 chromosomes (13 and X) were lost simultaneously during an early postzygotic division. Here, we reported a 3-year-old girl with mosaicism of trisomy 13 and monosomy X. The child had a short neck, hypertelorism, depressed nasal ridge, epicanthal fold, mid-facial hypoplasia, thin upper lip, long philtrum, ear anomalies, postaxial polydactyly, atrial septal defect, hydronephrosis, and sensorineural

hearing loss. Her weight and length were consistently below the fifth centile. She demonstrated global developmental delay when evaluated at 10 and 16 months. The range of developmental quotients (DQs) was from 0.6 to 1.1; the personal-social part was the best, and gross motor development was the worst. When evaluated at check details 31 months, the DQs of motor development were from 0.52 to 0.69, the object manipulation subscale was 0.52, the visual-motor integration subscale was

0.59 and the mental DQ was 0.52. Her social-behavior part was the best, language was the worst and the DQs had dropped with growth. Conclusion: This is a case report of global development in a girl with mosaicism of trisomy 13 and monosomy X. The majority of physical anomalies observed tend to be mild and non-life threatening. Her DQs dropped with growth, and the language and mental development were significantly delayed after 30 months.”
“Species in the Myrtaceae family are used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders, infectious diseases and hemorrhagic conditions and are known for their essential oil contents. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to characterize the chemical composition of essential oils of the leaves, stem bark and flowers of Myrcia tomentosa (Aubl.) DC., as well as to assess the chemical variability in the constituents of the essential oils of the leaf. Soil and foliar analyses were also performed to determine the mineral compositions.

2]paracyclophanyldiazonium

2]paracyclophanyldiazonium VS-4718 fluoborate 2a through a heterolytic cleavage process gave products with partial racemization. In contrast, dediazoniation reactions of (S-p)-2a undergoing a nonheterolytic cleavage process afforded

products with retention of configuration. A key intermediate, the bromonium cation B, caused the racemization. The unexpected racemization allowed the mechanisms of the dediazoniation reaction to be probed.”
“Background and Purpose: Laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery has been implemented recently in many laparoscopic (LAP) surgical procedures. We report our initial experience with LESS totally extraperitoneal (LESS-TEP) inguinal hernia repair in relation to conventional LAP-TEP.\n\nPatients and Methods: Between

November 2008 and May 2009, 25 LESS-TEP repairs of inguinal hernia and 29 LAP-TEP repairs of inguinal hernia were performed in 44 patients. Data regarding patient demographics, type of hernia, operative time, complications, postoperative hospital stay, and recurrence were prospectively collected and analyzed.\n\nResults: All 44 patients were men, aged 17 to 84 years. Of 44 men, 3 had bilateral inguinal hernias in the LESS-TEP group and 7 in the LAP-TEP group. The operative time for bilateral LESS-TEP was 60 +/- 15.3 min (range 40-70 min) and 40 +/- 21.6 min (range 20-100 min) for unilateral LESS-TEP, while for bilateral hernia LAP-TEP it was 60 +/- 24.8 min (range 40-100 min) and for unilateral LAP-TEP it was 50 +/- 14.2 min (range 40-80 min). Comparison of operative times in the LESS-TEP and LAP-TEP groups between the first and second half cohort resulted in significant QNZ order reduction of operative time in the second half of the LESS-TEP

group (P < 0.001). There were no intraoperative complications. Discharge was within 72 hours for most patients in both groups. There was one early recurrence (mesh displacement) during a median follow-up period of 11.5 +/- 2.5 months in the LESS-TEP group and no recurrences during the 11 +/- 1.6 months in the LAP-TEP group.\n\nConclusion: In our experience, LESS-TEP is a safe and feasible procedure with a short learning curve. In all analyzed parameters, it is comparable to conventional LAP-TEP. Further studies that compare LESS-TEP and conventional multiport LAP-TEP repairs with long-term follow-up evaluation are find more needed to confirm the initial experience.”
“Aim The study investigated whether autophagic activity and hypoxia parallel the adenomacarcinoma sequence. Method The study comprised 120 tubular adenomas with high-grade dysplasia, including 22 with questionable evidence of invasion, 37 with definite stromal invasion and 29 with severely dysplastic adenoma, 10 traditional serrated adenomas and 22 classical tubular adenomas lacking aggressive features. The samples were stained immunohistochemically for autophagy (LC3A and Beclin-1) and hypoxia-inducible factor1-alpha (HIF1) markers.

The G + C content of the

isolate’s DNA was 64 3 mol% +/-

The G + C content of the

isolate’s DNA was 64.3 mol% +/- 0.34 mol%. On the basis of distinct phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain TG408 represents a novel genus and species in the class Gammaproteobacteria for which the name Polycyclovorans algicola gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. Quantitative PCR primers targeting the 16S rRNA gene of this strain were developed and used to show that this organism is found associated with other species of marine phytoplankton. Phytoplankton may be a natural biotope in the ocean where new species of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria await discovery and which contribute significantly to natural remediation processes.”
“Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a multifunctional protein involved in AZD6738 the regulation of centrosome duplication, ribosome biogenesis, genomic stability, histone chaperone function, and transcription. Overexpression of NPM1 is associated with cancers of diverse histological origins. Here, we have found that p300-mediated

acetylation of NPM1 modulates its subcellular localization and augments its oncogenic potential. Acetylated NPM1 is predominantly localized in the nucleoplasm, where it associates with transcriptionally active RNA polymerase II. Deacetylation of NPM1 is GSK1210151A brought about by human SIRT1 and reduces its transcriptional activation potential. Remarkably, increased levels of acetylated NPM1 were found in grade II and III oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patient samples. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of NPM1 in an OSCC cell line, followed by microarray analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, revealed that some of the genes involved in oral cancer malignancy are regulated by NPM1 and have acetylated NPM1 localized at their promoters. Either suppression of p300 by siRNA or mutation of acetylatable lysine residues of NPM1 resulted in reduced occupancy of acetylated NPM1 on the

target gene promoter concomitant buy Tubastatin A with its decreased transcript levels. These observations suggest that acetylated NPM1 transcriptionally regulates genes involved in cell survival and proliferation during carcinogenesis.”
“Cytokinins are a class of plant hormones that have been linked to numerous growth and developmental aspects in plants. The cytokinin signal is perceived by sensor histidine kinase receptors and transmitted via histidine phosphotransfer proteins (HPts) to downstream response regulators. Since their discovery, cytokinin receptors have been a focus of interest for many researchers. Ongoing research on these transmembrane receptors has greatly broadened our knowledge in terms of cytokinin-receptor interaction, receptor specificity, receptor cellular localization, and receptor functions in cytokinin related growth and developmental processes. This review focuses on the recent advances on the cytokinin receptors and HPt proteins in Arabidopsis.

05) and alcohol dependence, the latter in both in the full sample

05) and alcohol dependence, the latter in both in the full sample (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.14) and among those with baseline dependence (AOR = 2.52). Motives Akt molecular weight did not interact with treatment condition in predicting alcohol outcomes.\n\nConclusions: Drinking to cope with negative affect may identify HIV patients needing targeted intervention to reduce drinking, and may inform development of more effective interventions addressing ways other

than heavy drinking to cope with negative affect. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Studies in the center and margin of the Medee Basin, a Mediterranean deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basin, and at a reference site during Penelope cruise (2007), revealed the existence of a 7 m-thick halocline, with high salinity (328 psu), and high sedimentary organic carbon and biopolymer concentrations. The 194 16S rRNA sequences retrieved were grouped into 118 unique phylotypes. Pseudomonas gessardii, Lonafarnib concentration dominated in the center, while 33 phylotypes were detected at the margin and 73 at the reference site. The study suggested conditions hostile to bacteria in the sediments of the Medee

Basin and preservation of sedimentary labile organic matter.”
“We study the effects of the Nutricate receipt, which makes personalized recommendations to switch from unhealthy to healthier items at a restaurant chain. We find that the receipts shifted the mix of items purchased toward the healthier alternatives. For example, the share of adult main dishes requesting “no sauce” increased by 6.8 percent, the share of kids’ meals with apples.(instead of fries) rose by 7.0 percent and the share of breakfast sandwiches without sausage increased

by 3.8 percent. The results illustrate the potential of emerging information technologies, which allow retailers to tailor product marketing to individual consumers, to generate healthier choices. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND: Several human cancers have been found to contain cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) having cancer-initiating ability. However, only a few reports have shown the existence of CSCs in bone and soft tissue sarcomas. In this study, we identified and characterised side population (SP) cells that showed drug-resistant AZD6244 inhibitor features in human bone sarcoma cell lines.\n\nMETHODS: In seven osteosarcoma cell lines (OS2000, KIKU, NY, Huo9, HOS, U2OS and Saos2) and in one bone malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) cell line (MFH2003), the frequency of SP cells was analysed. Tumourigenicity of SP cells was assessed in vitro and in vivo. Gene profiles of SP cells and other populations (main population; MP) of cells were characterised using cDNA microarrays.\n\nRESULTS: SP cells were found in NY (0.31%) and MFH2003 (5.28%). SP cells of MFH2003 formed spherical colonies and re-populated into SP and MP cells. In an NOD/SCID mice xenograft model, 1 x 10(3) sorted SP cell-induced tumourigenesis.

This article reviews current knowledge or the somatotrophic axis,

This article reviews current knowledge or the somatotrophic axis, including GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), in the brain and also discusses the potential use of GH/IGF-1 as agents for treatment of brain pathology in addictive diseases.”
“Astragalus gahiratensis Ali (Fabaceae-Papilionoideae) is endemic to District Chitral Pakistan. The population size i.e. 127 mature individuals were found in 4 localities in 2005, 28 mature individuals were MK-0518 found in 03 localities in 2006 and 107 mature individuals were found in 4 localities in 2007, the taxon deserved the status of Critically Endangered (CR)

category. The main threat posed to the taxon is its habitat degradation. Soil erosion resulted from deforestation and grazing are among the other main threats responsible for the reduction in population size. In 3 localities i.e., Chitral-Chaghbeni towards Ishpeder, Chitral-Gokhshal and Chitral Gol-Ishpeder, 75%, 13.79% and 18.64% decrease has been observed in its population size, respectively. There is urgent need to develop species specific conservation strategies, followed by comprehensive conservation

action plan and thereafter their implementation at ground root level on national scale.”
“Of Bindarit cost all the babies born with birth defects, approximately one-third display anomalies of the head and face [Gorlin et al., 1990] including cleft lip, cleft palate, small or absent facial and

skull bones and improperly formed nose, eyes, ears, and teeth. Craniofacial disorders are a primary cause of infant mortality and have serious lifetime functional, esthetic, and social consequences that are devastating to both children and parents alike. Comprehensive surgery, dental care, psychological selleck chemicals counseling, and rehabilitation can help ameliorate-specific problems but at great cost over many years which dramatically affects national health care budgets. For example, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that the lifetime cost of treating the children born each year with cleft lip and/or cleft palate alone to be US$697 million. Treating craniofacial malformations, of which in excess of 700 distinct syndromes have been described, through comprehensive, well-coordinated and integrated strategies can provide satisfactory management of individual conditions, however, the results are often variable and rarely fully corrective. Therefore, better techniques for tissue repair and regeneration need to be developed and therapeutic avenues of prevention need to be explored in order to eliminate the devastating consequences of head and facial birth defects. To do this requires a thorough understanding of the normal events that control craniofacial development during embryogenesis.

SSR data are also used

for the estimation of marker mutat

SSR data are also used

for the estimation of marker mutation rates and allow pedigree inferences, particularly with founder genotypes of the currently grown cultivars, which are useful to understand the evolution of peach as a crop. Results NU7441 manufacturer on LD conservation can be explained by the self-pollinating nature of peach cultivated germplasm and by a bottleneck that occurred at the beginning of modern breeding practices. High LD suggests that the development of whole-genome scanning approaches is suitable for genetic studies of agronomically important traits in peach.”
“microRNAs play an important role in regulating synaptic plasticity. For example, microRNAs target (and are targeted by) plasticity mediators AICAR in vivo such as CREB, MECP2, and FMRP. As well, specific microRNAs have been shown to be expressed within dendrites, where they regulate

protein translation of targets mediating dendritic growth. Components of the RISC machinery have been implicated in long-term memory in Drosophila. Here, we review evidence from studies of adult mouse forebrain supporting a model wherein synaptic stimulation (above a threshold value) increases calcium within dendritic spines, activates calpain, and activates and releases dicer from the postsynaptic density. Dicer processes local pre-miRs into mature miRNAs that are incorporated into RISC complexes within or near the dendritic spine, and that bind available target mRNAs in the vicinity. These may repress protein translation under resting conditions, yet permit a phasic burst of translation to occur transiently NCT-501 in vivo following subsequent synaptic activity. Loaded RISC complexes that are not bound to local mRNAs may serve to bind and trap mRNAs that are being transported down dendrites. Thus, locally formed microRNAs may mark

the location of previously activated synapses and perform a type of synaptic tagging and capture.”
“Relative to closed-canopy tropical forests, tree seedlings planted in open grown areas are exposed to higher light intensity, air temperatures, vapor pressure deficit, and greater seasonal fluxes of plant available water than mature tropical forests. The species-specific adaptive capacity to respond to variable precipitation and seasonality in open grown conditions, therefore, is likely to affect species performance in large-scale reforestation efforts. In the present study, we compared the photosynthetic characteristics of eight tropical tree species within and between seasons at two study sites with contrasting dry season intensities. All species except Pseudosamanea guachapele reduced leaf physiological function between the wet and dry seasons. The contrasting severity of seasonal drought stress at the study sites constrained growth rates and photosynthetic characteristics differently. Variation of photosynthetic characteristics at the species level was high, particularly in the dry season.

Decreased expression of KISS1R seems to attenuate signaling of th

Decreased expression of KISS1R seems to attenuate signaling of the KISS1/KISS1R system, possibly leading to tumor growth.”
“Aims:

The influence of discordance in what is important in being cured from depression on clinical outcome at 6 months, assessed with a divergence index. Methods: 304 outpatients treated for depression by general practitioners or by psychiatrists and completing MLN8237 purchase a 6-month treatment period: a divergence index (divergence between physician and patient view on what is important in being cured from depression) was calculated for each physician-patient pair. The relation between this index and outcome at 6 months was analyzed (including depressive, anxious and somatic symptom severity, positive effect, functional impairment and quality of life (psychological and social relations). Results: Response rates (50% improvement) were 65.9% for depressive symptomatology and 46.2% for anxious symptomatology. The subgroup with a poor physician-patient agreement (highest quartile) on expectations had a worse clinical outcome than the subgroup with an excellent physician-patient agreement (lowest quartile): I-BET-762 clinical trial differences in response rate between these groups ranged from 9% to 27%; this difference reached statistical significance

for 3 outcome variables (anxiety, positive effect and social relationships). Conclusions: The study shows that outcomes with standard antidepressant drugs are still suboptimal and that discordance between what patients’ and physicians’ consider important in the definition of cure from depression significantly influences clinical outcomes at 6 months. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Various biocatalytic methods have been developed for the synthesis of chiral chemicals, which have made their synthesis more environmentally friendly and product-specific. New opportunities for biocatalysis, including new scientific developments in genomics and protein engineering technologies, novel process developments and the increased availability of useful enzymes, offer many possibilities for the manufacture of new chiral compounds and deliver greener and economically competitive processes.

In this review, new opportunities for biocatalysis in the preparation of chiral molecules are outlined and highlighted.”
“BACKGROUND: The objective GSI-IX mouse of this study was to assess the impact of perioperative transfusion on the prognosis of patients who underwent complete (RO) resection of oral squamous cell carcinoma and reconstruction by microvascular flaps. METHODS: By following an inclusion and exclusion protocol, 223 patients were included in the study who underwent RO resection of oral squamous cell carcinoma and reconstruction by rnicrovascular flaps at a single center. Clinical and pathologic factors as well as transfusion data were retrieved from a prospective database and analyzed retrospectively. Survival data were assessed using the method of Kaplan and Meier.

Design: International multicenter study Settings: EDs of two hosp

Design: International multicenter study Settings: EDs of two hospitals in The Netherlands (2006-2009), one in Portugal (November-December 2010), and one in UK (June-November 2010). Patients: Children ( smaller than 16years) triaged with the MTS who presented at the ED. Methods: Changes to discriminators (MTS

1) and the value of including abnormal vital signs (MTS 2) were studied to test if this would decrease the number of incorrect assignment. Admission to hospital using the new MTS was compared with those in the original MTS. Likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratios (DORs), and c-statistics were calculated as measures for performance and compared with the original MTS. To calculate likelihood ratios and DORs, the MTS had to be dichotomized in low urgent Selleck ALK inhibitor and high urgent. Results: 60,375 patients were included, of whom 13% were admitted. When MTS 1 was used, admission to hospital increased from 25% to 29% for MTS ` very urgent’ patients and remained similar in lower MTS urgency levels. The diagnostic odds ratio improved from 4.8 (95% CI 4.5-5.1) to 6.2 (95% CI 5.9-6.6) and the c-statistic remained 0.74. MTS 2 did not improve the performance of the MTS. Conclusions:

MTS 1 performed slightly better than the original MTS. The use of vital signs (MTS 2) did not improve the MTS performance.”
“The Sotrastaurin ic50 long-term clinical success of autologous vein and synthetic vascular grafts are limited because of the development of anastomotic intimal hyperplasia (H-I). We have previously published data suggesting that cyclosporine (CyA) may reduce the development of IH in a canine model (Hirko et al., J Vasc Surg 1993;17:877-887). However, systemic

administration of CyA could create serious adverse effects. Therefore, it is our long-term goal to test the hypothesis that the controlled local release of CyA from a polymeric vascular wrap would prevent the development of IH. To test this hypothesis, we developed a controlled release polymeric ring that could be placed around anastomotic sites to deliver therapeutic drugs locally. The ring is a composite polymeric device consisting of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres embedded in a poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel. Several in vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of different sterilization procedures selleck screening library on the properties of the device. It was determined that gamma sterilization was the preferred sterilization method of choice for this device. In vivo studies were conducted on a swine model to evaluate the biocompatibility of the ring. The histological findings of the ring implants at 2 and 4 weeks demonstrate the biocompatibility of this device. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 93A: 656-665,2010″
“We report the development of diacid units that promote formation of a two-stranded parallel beta-sheet secondary structure between peptide segments attached via their N-termini.

The mean age (and standard deviation) of the patients was 67 3 +/

The mean age (and standard deviation) of the patients was 67.3 +/- 10.2 years. Obesity (a body mass index [BMI] of >= 30 kg/m(2)) was documented in 61.2% of cases, 18.2% of patients had diabetes, and 50% were graded as Class 3 or higher on the basis of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification system. The thirty-day mortality rate was 0.18%, and 5.6% of the patients experienced complications. Patient age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06

to 1.17) and diabetes (OR = 2.99; 95% CI = 1.35 to 6.62) were independent predictors of mortality. A BMI of >= 40 kg/m(2) was an independent predictor of postoperative complications (OR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.98). Patient age of eighty years or older, an ASA classification of >= 3, and an operative Syk inhibitor time of >135 minutes influenced the development of any postoperative complication as well as major and minor systemic complications. Cardiac disease (OR = 4.32; 95% CI = 1.01 to 18.45) and a BMI of >= 40 kg/m(2) (OR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.02 to 3.97) were associated with minor local complications.\n\nConclusions: Patient age and diabetes increased the risk of mortality after primary total unilateral knee arthroplasty. Predictive factors impacting the development of

postoperative complications included an ASA classification of increased operative time, increased age, and greater body mass.”
“Fifteen Selleck Screening Library morphometric traits and body weight (BW) from 319 adult Crioula Lanada ewes were evaluated. The influence of wool type and geographic location (fixed effects) was tested, in addition to Pearson correlation, factor and discriminatory analysis according to geographic regions and breed ecotypes. Analysis was carried out using the Statistical Analysis System Program. Geographic location revealed significant effect (P < 0.001) on morphometric traits. Most correlations were significant (P < 0.05), thoracic perimeter (TP) with BW selleck products (0.72) being the strongest. Correlations between head and body measurements were medium or weak, strongest being between BWs. Multivariate

analysis revealed 81% of variance using two factors, where three groups of variables were identified (general body, head and one group including thoracic and BW, respectively). Fine discrimination between herds and also the Fronteira and Serrana ecotypes were observed which opens door to valuable validation of how phenotype relates to genotype and associated SNPs in the Crioula Lanada breed. Published by Elsevier B.V.”
“Due to sympathetic de-centralization, individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), especially those with tetraplegia, often present with hypotension, worsened with upright posture. Several investigations in the non-SCI population have noted a relationship between chronic hypotension and deficits in memory, attention and processing speed and delayed reaction times.

We report here the development of genus-specific primers that can

We report here the development of genus-specific primers that can detect all the major Zygosaccharomyces species including all those associated with foods; the rare and localised species Z. machadoi and Z. gambellarensis are not detected. The size of the single amplicon produced varies between species and in some cases is sufficiently different to assign provisional species identification. Sequence data from rDNA regions are available for virtually all described yeast species in all genera, thus, prior to having sufficient sequence data from structural genes, rDNA regions may provide more generally suitable candidates for both genus-specific and species-specific primer design. (C) 2013 Elsevier

B.V. All rights reserved.”
“In myelodysplastic syndromes with ring sideroblasts (MDS-RS), the iron deposited in the mitochondria of RS is present in the form of mitochondrial ferritin MAPK inhibitor (FTMT), see more but it is unknown whether FTMT overexpression is the cause or the result of mitochondrial iron deposition. Lentivirus FTMT-transduced CD34+ bone marrow cells from seven healthy donors and CD34+ cells from 24 patients with MDS-RS were cultured according to

a procedure that allowed the expansion of high numbers of erythroid progenitors. These cells were used to investigate the possible influence of experimentally-induced FTMT overexpression on normal erythropoiesis and the functional effects of FTMT in sideroblastic erythropoiesis. In MDS-RS progenitors, FTMT overexpression was associated with reduced cytosolic ferritin levels, increased surface transferrin receptor expression and reduced cell proliferation; FTMT effects were independent of SF3B1 mutation status. Similarly, FTMT PLX3397 overexpressing normal erythroid progenitors were characterized by reduced cytosolic ferritin content and increased CD71 expression, and also by higher apoptotic rate in comparison with the FTMT- controls.

Significantly lower levels of STAT5 phosphorylation following erythropoietin stimulation were found in both sideroblastic and normal FTMT+ erythroid cells compared to the FTMT- cells. In conclusion, experimental overexpression of FTMT may modify mitochondrial iron availability and lead to ineffective erythropoiesis.”
“Carbon isotopic fractionation was investigated in fatty acids (FA) of adipose tissue and blood serum of threatened Steller’s eiders (Polysticta stelleri) and spectacled eiders (Somateria fischeri) relative to the FA in their diets. Captive eiders were fed a known diet for 180 days with serum sampled at 60, 120 and 180 days immediately after a 12 h fast; adipose was collected at 180 days. Essential FA (EFA) in the adipose showed varying degrees of isotope fractionation (0-4%), depending on FA structure. The delta(13)C values of long-chain FA 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 did not differ from those in the diet, while those of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 were similar to 2% greater than in the diet.